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բացասական եկամտահարկ

A way of building redistribution into the taxation system by taking money from people with high incomes and paying it to people with low incomes. Because it takes place automatically through the tax system, it may attach less stigma to the receipt of financial help than some other forms of welfare assistance. However, it may also discourage recipients from working to increase their income (see poverty trap), which is why some countries have introduced a form of negative income tax that is available only to the working poor. In the United States, this is known as the earned income tax credit.

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եկամտահարկ
Economy; Economics

A much-loathed method of taxation based on earnings. It was first collected in 1797 by the Dutch Batavian Republic. In the UK it was introduced in 1799 as a “temporary” measure to ...

եկամտահարկ
Economy; International economics

A tax levied on incomes of persons or corporations. International differences in income tax rates sometimes induce persons and corporations to relocate to lower-tax jurisdictions.

բացասական աճ
Economy; International economics

A decline in size over time, said of an economy's GDP in recession or of the size of a declining firm or industry. Seems like a euphemism, except that no obvious alternative term ...

կորպորատիվ եկամտահարկ
Economy; International economics

A tax on the profits of corporations. Differences in corporate tax rates across countries can be a cause of foreign direct investment as well as transfer pricing.

վարկանիշ
Economy; Economics

A guide to the riskiness of a financial instrument provided by a ratings agency, such as Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s and Fitch IBCA. These measures of credit quality are mostly ...

նորմավորում
Economy; Economics

Although economists say that rationing is what the price mechanism does, what most people think of as rationing is an alternative to letting prices determine how scarce economic ...

իրական փոխարժեք
Economy; Economics

An exchange rate that has been adjusted to take account of any difference in the rate of inflation in the two countries whose currency is being exchanged.

իրական տոկոսադրույք
Economy; Economics

The interest rate less the rate of inflation.

անկում
Economy; Economics

Broadly speaking, a period of slow or negative economic growth, usually accompanied by rising unemployment. Economists have two more precise definitions of a recession. The first, ...

շահաբաժին
Economy; Economics

A payment of income by a company to its shareholders.

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